https://thepipingtalk.com/rules-for-development-of-plot-plan/#:~:text=Flare%20location%3A,open%20flames%20by%20prevailing%20wind.
Process flow sequence and operating procedures should be thoroughly understood so that equipment arrangement in the plot plan is functional. Equipment should be arranged in logistic process sequence for optimum piping runs and operational and maintenance ease. Spacing between equipment shall be adequate for undertaking maintenance jobs.
(b) The unit pipe rack should be kept in the centre, thereby splitting the unit into two or more areas of equipment. Pumps may be arranged in two rows close to and on either side of the pipe rack.
Heat Exchangers and vessels should be grouped together forming outer rows on both sides of the rack.
(c) Heat exchangers should be located perpendicular to the pipe rack on the outer row to facilitate pulling of tube bundles with mobile crane or by other means. Shell and tube heat exchanger
should have a longitudinal clearance of at least one-meter plus the length of removable bundles.
(d) Air fin coolers should be installed above the pipe rack / technological structures / independent structure. Pumps handling hydrocarbons above the temperature of 230C or C4 and Lighters
should not be installed underneath the air fin coolers.
(e) Vessels having large liquid hold-up should be installed at lower heights and preferably at grade. Adequate drainage should be provided around such vessels. Where process requirement dictates
their installation above grade, these should be located in open area.
(f) Towers / columns should be located along the pipe rack towards open areas for unobstructed erection as well as maintenance of internals at grade. Tall towers requiring frequent operating
attention at upper levels may be located at one place so that common connecting platform can be provided.
(g) Thermo-siphon reboilers should preferably be placed close to their associated towers.
(h) Vessels, column, Reactors with internals and / or containing catalysts, chemicals etc should have a drop-out area for removing / installing the internals and / or for loading / unloading of catalysts and chemicals.
(i) Heaters should be located up wind at one corner of the unit. Space should be provided for removal and cleaning of heater tubes besides approach for crane. Areas around the heaters shall be graded for guiding spills away from process equipment. Forced Draft fans shall be located away from process equipment from where they are likely to suck hydrocarbon vapors.
J) No trenches or pits which might hold flammables should extend under the furnace and connections with underground drain system should be sealed over an area 15 meters from the
furnace walls.
(k) The local control panel for soot blower control and flue gas analyzer only should be located on and near the process heater. The rest of controls should be taken to control room.
(l) Gas compressors should be located down wind from heaters so that leaked gases will not drift towards the heater. Gas compressors should have roofing and open from sides to avoid accumulation of heavier vapours/gases on the floor of compressor house. Compressor house should be located near the battery limits to facilitate ease in maintenance and operation. Drop
out area should be provided for maintenance.
(m) No other tankage except day tanks / process chemicals shall be provided within battery limits of any process unit.
(n) Process chemicals storage tanks should be provided with kerb wall of minimum 300-mm height. Hydrocarbons day tanks shall be provided with dyke in line section 7.0 of this standard.
(o) Cold boxes should be located on grade or on separate elevated structures. Adequate space should be provided around cold boxes for ease of operation and maintenance.
(p) Flare knock out drum for the process units should be located at battery limit of the unit.
(q) Blow down facilities / buried drum should be located at one corner of the plant farthest from furnace or any fired equipment and on the lee-ward side of the unit. Vent from Blow down facility shall be minimum 6m above the highest equipment falling with in radius of 15 m from the vent stack.
(r) Operators cabin may be provided in the process unit. The cabin should be located upwind side of the unit in non-hazardous area and away from draining / sampling facilities. The cabin should be for minimum occupancy of the shift operators of the respective facilities only.
(s) Stairways should be provided for the main access.
(t) Minimum headroom under vessels, pipes, cable racks, etc should be 2.1 meters.
(u) Equipment should be spaced to permit use of mobile equipment and power tools or servicing and maintaining equipment during turn around periods.
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